The paper draws on evidence of predatory publishing obtained from the 4 year-long Harbingers research study of the changing scholarly communication attitudes and behaviour of early career researchers (ECRs). The project featured longitudinal interviews for its first 3 years with 116 ECRs researching science and social sciences who came from China. France. Malaysia. https://www.roneverhart.com/Santa-Margherita-Pinot-Grigio-2022-750ml/