An appropriate energy management strategy is essential to enhance the performance of hybrid electric vehicles. A novel modified equivalent fuel-consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is developed considering the engine operating point deviation from the optimum operating line. This paper focuses on an all-inclusive evaluation of this modified ECMS with other state-of-art energy mana... https://www.roneverhart.com/Western-Digital-Ultrastar-DC-HC530-WUH721414ALE6L1-0F31170-14TB-7-2K-RPM-SATA-6Gb-s-512e-SED-3-5in-Hard-Drive/