Background/Aims: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is an important factor promoting invasive glioma growth. This study was performed to reveal a unique mechanism of glioma cell proliferation and migration. Methods: Human U251 glioma cells were used to screen the optimal GDNF concentration and treatment time to stimulate proliferation and migration. https://www.roneverhart.com/SP-Shoe-Proofer/